Characteristics of women in the labor market
{"Image DocumentName": "Characteristics of women in the labor market", "Image ImageDescription": "Female Education and Labor Force Participation in MENA and EAP, Percent. Note: In East Asia and the Pacific (EAP), secondary enrollment is for 1999 rather than Source: ILO 1996; World Bank 2003d, 2003j. Left figure: For all countries in MENA, the observed rates of female participation are lower\u2014often by a substantial margin \u2013 than would be expected from the other characteristics of the female working-age population. This observation indicates that the potential to integrate women into the regional economy, determined by the past investment in female education and recent fertility trends, has not been realized. In countries for which comparisons overtime can be made, the ration improved between 1980 and 2000 in all except Tunisia, but they always remain lower than one. This improvement shows that many MENA countries are including their women in the labor force faster than they are improving women\u2019s education al attainment and reducing fertility. As education increases and fertility decreases, the expected rate of female labor force participation increases. If the ratio of the observed to the expected rates of female labor forced participation improves overt time, it means that the observed rate is growth faster than the rate that would be expected (on the basis of higher education and lower fertility. This progress is still relatively slow when compared to other regions, but it can be increased. (p. 62) Right figure: This figure uses female secondary enrollments as a proxy for average years of schooling. It shows that the massive investment in female education will not be achieved so long as female participation in the labor force continues to lag. In contrast, in regions where female participation is high, investments in female education are more fully used. In East Asia an Pacific region, for example, most women work, which implies that most girls receiving an education will use that education in their productive potential (as well as the other benefits of education.). (P. 68)", "Image XResolution": "37", "Image YResolution": "37", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Centimeter", "Image Software": "SlidePlayer", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Centered"}