Caring for biological children Labor-intensive expression of generativity Transformative experience with more costs than benefits when children are young (Umberson et al., 2010) Caregiving nonbiological children About 1/3 of all North American adults become stepparents, adoptive parents, or foster parents Caregiving aged parents The Sandwich Generation is the generation of middle-aged people who are supposedly squeezed by the needs of the younger and older members of their families.
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