In these history books, Mao's slogan, Make the past serve the present, was absent in words but overwhelmingly present in spirit These were popular books for the worker-peasant- soldier masses, and simplicity might be expected The tentative products of China's elite university departments of history were, however, not that different The title of one university essay, When the Wolf Leaves by the Front Door, The Tiger Enters by the Rear (on the American acquisition of the Philippines), gives an idea of the scholarly and objective tone taken by the scholars E.
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