77 The institutional role in the diffusion process has followed several models VOLUNTARY TRANSFER (transfer by learning) COHERCIVE TRANSFER (direct imposition) CONDITIONALITY VOLUNTARY BUT DRIVEN BY AN EXTERNALITY (promote DFI) COMPULSORY TRANSFER (transfer as a result of an agreement) Auction of Band B spectrum in Brazil (1994) LLU in Europe Pressure from IMF for privatizing fixed line incumbents or liberalizing telecom industry (e.g.
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