A Concise History of Immunology http://www. columbia
{"Image DocumentName": "A Concise History of Immunology  columbia", "Image ImageDescription": "Variolation was known and practiced frequently in the Ottoman Empire, where it had been introduced by Circassian traders around Unfortunately, because there was no standardization of the inoculum, the variolation occasionally resulted in death or disfigurement from smallpox, thus limiting its acceptance. Variolation later became popular in England, mainly due to the efforts of Lady Mary Wortley Montague who survived smallpox but who lost a brother to it. Lady Montague was married to Lord Edward Wortley Montague, the ambassador to the Sublime Porte of the Ottomans in Istanbul. While in Istanbul, Lady Montague observed the practice of variolation. Determined not to have her family suffer as she had, she directed the surgeon of the Embassy to learn the technique and, in March 1718, to variolate her five year-old son. After her return to England, she promoted the technique, and had her surgeon variolate her four-year old daughter in the presenceof the king\u2019s physician. The surgeon, Charles Maitland, was given leave to perform what came to be known as the Royal Experiment, in which he variolated six condemned prisoners who latersurvived. By these and other experiments, the safety of the procedure was established, and two of the king\u2019s grand children were variolated on April 17, After this, the practice of variolation spread rapidly throughout England in the 1740s and then to the American colonies.", "Image XResolution": "37", "Image YResolution": "37", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Centimeter", "Image Software": "SlidePlayer", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Centered"}