Biofilm Formation Seconds/Minutes Protein/Platelets/White Blood Cells Jeske C, et al. Anaesth Analg 97:240. 2003 Livesly M, et al. Eur J Clin Micro In
{"Image DocumentName": "Biofilm Formation Attachment & Adhesion Seconds/Minutes", "Image ImageDescription": "Protein/Platelets/White Blood Cells. Attachment & Adhesion. A biofilm is an assemblage of microbial cells that is irreversibly associated (not removed by gentle rinsing) with a surface and enclosed in a matrix of primarily polysaccharide material. Noncellular materials such as mineral crystals, corrosion particles, clay or silt particles, or blood components, depending on the environment in which the biofilm has developed, may also be found in the biofilm matrix. Biofilm-associated organisms also differ from their planktonic (freely suspended) counterparts with respect to the genes that are transcribed. Biofilms may form on a wide variety of surfaces, including living tissues, indwelling medical devices, industrial or potable water system piping, or natural aquatic systems. The solid surface may have several characteristics that are important in the attachment process. Characklis et al.[6] noted that the extent of microbial colonization appears to increase as the surface roughness increases. This is because shear forces are diminished, and surface area is higher on rougher surfaces. The physicochemical properties of the surface may also exert a strong influence on the rate and extent of attachment. Most investigators have found that microorganisms attach more rapidly to hydrophobic, nonpolar surfaces such as Teflon and other plastics than to hydrophilic materials such as glass or metals. Biofilm cells may be dispersed either by shedding of daughter cells from actively growing cells, detachment as a result of nutrient levels or quorum sensing, or shearing of biofilm aggregates (continuous removal of small portions of the biofilm) because of flow effects. Jeske C, et al. Anaesth Analg 97: Livesly M, et al. Eur J Clin Micro Infect Dis 17: Elliott T, et al. Eur J Clin Micro Infect Dis 16: Jan", "Image XResolution": "37", "Image YResolution": "37", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Centimeter", "Image Software": "SlidePlayer", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Centered"}