continuous cycling (for proportional-only control) is called the ultimate gain, Kcu. The period of the corresponding sustained oscillation is referred to as the ultimate period, Pu.
{"Image DocumentName": "continuous cycling (for proportional-only control) is called the ultimate gain, Kcu. The period of the corresponding sustained oscillation is referred to as the ultimate period, Pu.", "Image ImageDescription": "Step 4. Calculate the PID controller settings using the Ziegler-Nichols (Z-N) tuning relations in Table Step 5. Evaluate the Z-N controller settings by introducing a small set-point change and observing the closed-loop response. Fine-tune the settings, if necessary. The continuous cycling method, or a modified version of it, is frequently recommended by control system vendors. Even so, the continuous cycling method has several major disadvantages: It can be quite time-consuming if several trials are required and the process dynamics are slow. The long experimental tests may result in reduced production or poor product quality.", "Image XResolution": "37", "Image YResolution": "37", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Centimeter", "Image Software": "SlidePlayer", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Centered"}