Decreasing or eliminating the value of D (crop displacement area) (4) Ensure that the value of T is greater than opportunity cost of D Use of early maturing hedges in combination with indigenous trees (clonally propagated trees: rubber, coffee, timber and fruit trees (marcotting vs grafting; use of rooting hormones (IBA, ANAA, etc); forage grasses and legumes Reduce the displacement area by having fewer hedges (e.g.
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