Secular Bioethics against Human Dignity Scientific positivismScientific positivism Scientific materialismScientific materialism –Darwinism Against human specificity (exceptionalism)Against human specificity (exceptionalism) Human reason (soul) is mechanical, not spiritualHuman reason (soul) is mechanical, not spiritual –Transhumanism –Neuroscience and neuroethics ContractualismContractualism UtilitarianismUtilitarianism LiberalismLiberalism PragmatismPragmatism Relativism and NihilismRelativism and Nihilism
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