Detailed learning outcomes
{"Image DocumentName": "Detailed learning outcomes", "Image ImageDescription": "Many animals live in social groups and have behaviours that are adapted to group living, such as social hierarchy or cooperative hunting and defence. (i) Altruism and kin selection. An altruistic behaviour harms the donor individual but benefits the recipient. Reciprocal altruism, where the roles later reverse, often occurs in social animals. The prisoners\u2019 dilemma is a simple model. In cases where individuals are related (kin) there may be no requirement for the roles to reverse. Instead, the behaviour benefits the donor in terms of a potential increased survival of shared genes. (ii) Social insects. In the societies of insects such as bees, wasps, ants and termites, only some individuals contribute reproductively. Most members of the colony are workers, who cooperate to raise relatives. (iii) Primate behaviour. The long period of parental care in primates gives an opportunity to learn complex social behaviours. To reduce unnecessary conflict, social primates use ritualistic display and appeasement behaviours. Grooming, facial expression, body posture and sexual presentation are all important in different species. In some monkeys and apes, alliances form between individuals. These are often used to increase social status within the group. The complexity of social structure is related to ecological niche and taxonomic group.", "Image XResolution": "37", "Image YResolution": "37", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Centimeter", "Image Software": "SlidePlayer", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Centered"}