DETERMINANTS OF VENTRICULAR FUNCTION DETERMINANTS OF VENTRICULAR FUNCTION STROKE VOLUME PRELOAD CONTRACTILITY CARDIAC OUTPUT HEART RATE - Synergistic
{"Image DocumentName": "DETERMINANTS OF VENTRICULAR FUNCTION", "Image ImageDescription": "CONTRACTILITY. PRELOAD. AFTERLOAD. Pathophysiology of Congestive Heart Failure. Determinants of ventricular function. Ventricular function, and cardiac function in general, depends upon the interaction of four factors that regulate the volume of blood expelled by the heart (the cardiac output): contractility, preload, afterload, and heart rate. The first three determine the volume of blood expelled with each beat (the stroke or ejection volume), while the heart rate affects the cardiac output by varying the number of contractions per unit time. These four factors, which are intrinsic regulators of heart function, are all influenced by the nervous system. In the failing heart, especially in ischemic heart disease, it is also important to consider some purely mechanical factors, such as the synergy of ventricular contraction, the integrity of the septum, and the competence of the atrioventricular valves. STROKE VOLUME. - Synergistic LV contraction - LV wall integrity - Valvular competence. HEART RATE. CARDIAC OUTPUT.", "Image XResolution": "37", "Image YResolution": "37", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Centimeter", "Image Software": "SlidePlayer", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Centered"}