 Fragment Offset (13 bits): Measured in units of 64-bit words (8 byte)  Time To Live (8 bits): Limits a datagram's lifetime to break routing circles  Specified in seconds but in practice is used as a hop count (decrement by 1 at each router) and set to 64 at the start  When TTL is zero, the router should discard the packet; typically an ICMP Time Exceeded message is sent to the sender 13
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