28 Effects of different wind penetration levels Different size CAES studied for wind capacity penetrations of 22, 40, 50, 60% Under 60% wind penetration CAES has negative energy revenue - charging cost is more than discharging revenues But it still charges enough to supply regulation services (cross-arbitrage) since CAES is a low cost regulation provider Under high wind penetration, bulk storage may benefit more from ancillary services WP decreases production costs.
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