Friction Stir Welding Variables  Essential FSW variables ─Vertical (Forge) force, F z ─RPM,  ─Travel (Traverse) speed, V f  Process forces ─Travel (Traverse) force, F x ─Cross (Transverse) force, F y ─Vertical (Forge) force, F z Ref: Arbegast, William J., Week 2 Friction Stir Joining: Process Optimization. (2003).
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