Fig. 1.  (top  ) Robert Cutler Hinckley,  The First Operation with Ether  , 1893. Oil on canvas, 8′× 10′. Boston Medical Library in the Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts. Reproduced with permission.  (bottom  ) Key for identifying individuals in the painting. (1) Unidentified newspaper reporter; (2) John Call Dalton (1825–1889), student, Harvard Medical School; (3) William Williamson Wellington, M.D. (1814–1896), referring physician for patient Edward Gilbert Abbott; (4) Abel Lawrence Peirson, M.D. (1794–1853), Consulting Surgeon, Massachusetts General Hospital; (5) Charles Hosea Hildreth (1825–1884), student, Harvard Medical School; (6) William Thomas Green Morton (1819–1868), anesthesiologist; (7) Jonathan Mason Warren, M.D. (1811–1867), Visiting Surgeon, Massachusetts General Hospital; (8) Edward Gilbert Abbott (1825–1855), the patient; (9) John Collins Warren, M.D. (1778–1856), Professor of Anatomy and Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Chief of Surgery and Founder of Massachusetts General Hospital, operating surgeon; (10) Ebenezer Hopkins Frost (1824–1866), music teacher, received general anesthesia for dental extraction on September 30, 1846; (11) Charles Frederick Heywood, M.D. (1823–1893), House Surgeon, Massachusetts General Hospital; (12) Henry Jacob Bigelow, M.D. (1818–1890), Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Visiting Surgeon, Massachusetts General Hospital; (13) Augustus Addison Gould, M.D. (1805–1866), physician, author, and conchologist, Secretary, Massachusetts Medical Society; (14) Solomon Davis Townsend, M.D. (1793–1869), Surgeon, Massachusetts General Hospital.
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