Left atrium geometry Left atrium Left atrial appendage Pulmonary veins
{"Image DocumentName": "Left atrium geometry Left atrium Left atrial appendage Pulmonary veins", "Image ImageDescription": "From Schwartzman D., Lacomis J., and Wigginton W.G., Characterization of left atrium and distal pulmonary vein morphology using multidimensional computed tomography. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, (8): p The detailed characterization of left atrium and distal pulmonary vein are published by Schwartzman in The geometry includes the 4 pulmonary veins entering the atrium. It is only 10 years ago, that physicians used modern visualization device such as TTE and TEE and found that beside atrium and ventricle that we have known of, there is something identified as the left atrium appendage. The left atrium appendage is a small tube attached to the atrium wall. It may or may not be present depending of the patients. It has been shown that the presence of the appendage is more likely to reduce the blood flow and then increase the probability of thrombus formation. Different geometrical shapes and sizes of the appendage have important impact on flow properties. In 50% of the cases of AF, there are two lobes in the LAA and in 25% there are multi-lobes. The geometrical data for appendage is collected by Ernst in his 1995 paper on morphology of the left atrial appendage . We used the geometrical data and constructed a simplified geometry for the left atrium and its appendage. will conduct the simulations with and without the appendage in order to show its influence. Label dimensions for the veins, mitrial valve, and the atrium. Ernst G., et al., Morphology of the left atrial appendage. The Anatomical Record, : p Left atrium. 77mm. 28mm. 20mm. 17mm. 56mm. Left atrial appendage. Pulmonary veins.", "Image XResolution": "37", "Image YResolution": "37", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Centimeter", "Image Software": "SlidePlayer", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Centered"}