Skin Experiments of this type with human skin show that if exponential pulses with Voltage across SC,0 50 to 300V and time constant, t, pulse 1 ms are applied every 5 s for 1 h, then there is an enhancement by up to a factor of 10 4 in the flux of charged molecules of up to about 1 kDa Companion electrical impedance measurements show a rapid (25 ms) decrease in skin resistance and both molecular flux and electrical measurements show that either reversible or irreversible behavior occurs, depending on the transdermal pulse amplitude, Voltage SC, 0.
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