Aerial sightings of Manam, Papua New Guinea. (A) Regional tectonic framework. Manam is located in the volcanic arc of West Bismarck (yellow star). (B) The more energetic, high-altitude plume from the southern crater often dispersed in a different direction than the lower low-level emissions from the main crater. Image taken on May 25, 2019. (C) An image of the nadir acquired during a UAS flyby on May 22, 2019 showed magma to be present at shallow levels in the southern crater. A strong plume emanated from the crater. (D) View of the UAS during the approach to the plume. The floating plume from the south crater rose to about 2-3 km above sea level before dispersing laterally. (E) Aerial view of the summit showing passive degassing
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