Airglow and Star Trails over Cadillac Mountain
{"Image ImageDescription": "On July 26, 2014, Matt Pollock and I captured a spherical panorama of green airglow, the Milky Way, and star trails over Bar Harbor from Cadillac Mountain in Acadia National Park, Maine. I\u2019ve shot several spherical panoramas of star trails with my Panoneed robotic panning head, but Matt and I wondered how difficult it would be with a manual panning head. Obviously, we didn\u2019t want to be rotating it every 30 seconds or so for 2 hours, so we decided to shoot three 40 minute timelapses with a Nikon 10.5mm f/2.8 fisheye that has had the lens hood shaved off for full frame use, rotating every 120\u00b0 to capture three stacks of star trails that I blended into a single panorama of star trails. 10.5mm is not wide enough to capture the entire sky, and anything wider is usually f/3.5 or smaller aperture (within a reasonable price range anyway!). Surprisingly, it worked very well!  The full sphere consists of 5 photos of the sky blended with 4 photos of the ground, plus another 249 images for the star trails (3 x 83) layered on top. It took about 22 minutes to shoot the Milky Way and ground from 11:30 \u2013 11:52 PM, and 2 hours of shooting star trails from 01:06 \u2013 03:07 AM. In between we shot some dark frames and tried various shutter speeds and ISOs for ideal exposures, and setup the dew heater on the lens so it wouldn\u2019t fog up. We\u2019d been battling with fog and clouds for a few nights in a row and almost gave up on this night as well, but decided to stick it out another hour or so and we were rewarded when the fog suddenly lifted after 11PM. We had three other cameras, tripods, sliders, and remotes in the truck that we really should have set up to shoot some motion-controlled timelapse video, but we were too busy looking at the stars and chatting all night to think about any of that!  Camera settings: ISO 6400, f/2.8, 40 seconds, & 3550\u00b0K white balance for the sky blended with ISO 6400, f/2.8, 160 seconds, & 3786\u00b0K white balance for the ground. Star trails were shot at ISO 1600, f/2.8, 25 seconds, & 3550\u00b0K white balance. I removed several airplane trails before stacking.  Hardware used: Nikon D810, Nikon 10.5mm f/2.8 (lens hood shaved off for full frame use), Promote Control, and Really Right Stuff TVC-34L tripod with leveling base & multi-row pano package.  Software used: Edited with Lightroom, stitched with PTGui Pro, and blended with Photoshop. Pixel Fixer was used with a dark frame to remove hot pixels from long exposures at high ISO. Star trails were stacked with Advanced Stacker Plus.", "Image Make": "NIKON CORPORATION", "Image Model": "NIKON D810", "Image XResolution": "300", "Image YResolution": "300", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Inch", "Image Software": "Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 5.7.1 (Windows)", "Image DateTime": "2015:03:16 15:09:19", "Image Artist": "Aaron D. Priest", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Centered", "Image Copyright": "\u00a9 Aaron D. Priest", "Image ExifOffset": "2848", "GPS GPSVersionID": "[2, 3, 0, 0]", "GPS GPSLatitudeRef": "N", "GPS GPSLatitude": "[44, 21, 3823/100]", "GPS GPSLongitudeRef": "W", "GPS GPSLongitude": "[68, 13, 1114/25]", "GPS GPSAltitudeRef": "0", "GPS GPSAltitude": "499967/1488", "Image GPSInfo": "3332", "EXIF ExposureTime": "40", "EXIF ExposureProgram": "Manual", "EXIF ISOSpeedRatings": "6400", "EXIF ExifVersion": "0230", "EXIF DateTimeOriginal": "2014:07:26 23:39:35", "EXIF DateTimeDigitized": "2014:07:26 23:39:35", "EXIF ComponentsConfiguration": "YCbCr", "EXIF ApertureValue": "24361/8200", "EXIF ExposureBiasValue": "0", "EXIF MeteringMode": "other", "EXIF LightSource": "Unknown", "EXIF Flash": "Flash did not fire, compulsory flash mode", "EXIF FocalLength": "21/2", "EXIF FlashPixVersion": "0100", "EXIF ColorSpace": "sRGB", "EXIF SensingMethod": "One-chip color area", "EXIF ExposureMode": "Manual Exposure", "EXIF WhiteBalance": "Manual", "EXIF DigitalZoomRatio": "1", "EXIF SceneCaptureType": "Standard", "EXIF GainControl": "High gain up", "EXIF Contrast": "Normal", "EXIF Saturation": "Normal", "EXIF Sharpness": "Normal", "EXIF SubjectDistanceRange": "0", "EXIF BodySerialNumber": "3004142", "EXIF LensModel": "10.5mm f/2.8"}