A diagram showing the sun and a planet separated by a distance r. The velocity vector of the planet is shown as an arrow pointing at an obtuse angle to the distance r between the sun and planet. The line connecting the sun and planet is extended past the planet as a dashed line, and another dashed line is drawn from the tip of the velocity arrow to the dashed extension of r. The dashed lines meet at a right angle and form a triangle with the velocity arrow forming the hypotenuse and the planet at one vertex. The angle near the planet is labeled theta. The hypotenuse is also labeled v delta t, and the side opposite the planet labeled v delta t sin theta. The triangular region defined by the sun, planet and the tip of the velocity arrow is labeled Delta A, and the angle near the sun is labeled delta phi.
{}