Initial Crookedness/Out of Straight
{"Image DocumentName": "Initial Crookedness/Out of Straight", "Image ImageDescription": "Buckling is not instantaneous. Additional stresses due to bending of the column, P/A \uf0b1 Mc/I. Assuming elastic material theory (never yields), P approaches PE. Actually, some strength loss. small \uf0440 => small loss in strengths. large \uf0440 => strength loss can be substantial. The first of these (along with the ductility of steel shapes) usually allows for some warning prior to a column failure. It also means that a column limited by buckling does not exhibit the classical instantaneaous buckling failure at a bifurcation point. ASTM limits of \uf0440 = L/1000 or 0.25 in 20 feet. Typical values are \uf0440 = L/1500 or 0.15 in 20 feet. Compression Theory.", "Image XResolution": "37", "Image YResolution": "37", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Centimeter", "Image Software": "SlidePlayer", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Centered"}