Retrieved (state) variables Ice clouds and snow (extension of Delanoe and Hogan 2008, 2010) –[1] log extinction coefficient, [2] log lidar ratio –[3]
{"Image DocumentName": "Retrieved (state) variables", "Image ImageDescription": "Ice clouds and snow (extension of Delanoe and Hogan 2008, 2010) [1] log extinction coefficient, [2] log lidar ratio. [3] log number conc parameter N0  (good a priori from temperature) [4] Riming factor to allow Doppler information to be assimilated. Lidar molecular signal is used beyond cloud, when detectable. Liquid clouds (see Nicola Pounder\u2019s talk) [1] log LWC, [2] total number concentration (one value per liquid layer) Extinction info from lidar multiple scattering, radar PIA, SW radiances. Rain and melting ice. [1] log rain rate, [2] number conc parameter Nw  (one value per profile) Flatness constraint on rain rate: extra terms in cost function penalize deviations from a constant rain rate with height. Different a-priori values for stratocu drizzle and rain from melting ice. Melting layer radar attenuation uses Matrosov\u2019s empirical relationship: 2-way attenuation [dB] = 2.2 x rain rate [mm h-1] Additional term in cost function penalizes difference in snow flux above melting layer and rain rate below. Use radar PIA information over the ocean.", "Image XResolution": "37", "Image YResolution": "37", "Image ResolutionUnit": "Pixels/Centimeter", "Image Software": "SlidePlayer", "Image YCbCrPositioning": "Centered"}