Financing instruments InstrumentTypical providers Equity Private companies, individuals, venture funds, publicly funded venture funds (hybrids), pension funds First-loss Private companies, venture funds, publicly funded venture funds (hybrids) Loans Banks, development banks, publicly funded venture funds (hybrids), pension funds Soft loans bilateral donors (through commercial banks), multilateral development banks Bonds Financial arrangers like banks and credit institutions, large corporations, governments Dedicated credit lines Multilateral and bilateral development banks Risk cover instruments, Guarantees Export Credit Agencies, insurance companies, banks, governments, technology suppliers Project Finance All of the above Grant Bilateral donors, philanthropic funds Blending mechanisms The Green Climate Fund (GCF) has signalled the intent to provide several sorts of financial instruments
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